This also brings up the serious prospect of Theresa and Boris doing a deal where he becomes chancellor under her and delivers her to the final round and brings a chunk of leave support.
Would Boris want to be Chancellor? All that detail.
Boris as chancellor :-D
Please .. no. I'd rather have him as PM than be on the tiller.
Can anyone outline to me what appeal they think Gove would have to the general public?
Surely there is no way a Gove led Tory party could win a majority at the General Election.
Perhaps he will be PM until 2019 to oversee Brexit and then stand down in favour of someone more electable.
Gove would lose to anyone but the now fatally damaged Corbyn. Gove is a lefty boogeyman, if he is leader I would expect to see tactical voting amongst labour and lib dems which would deprive them of their majority.
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
It's started. Project Reality.
There are no planned redundancies at the Silver Circle law firm I'm at, as far as I'm aware. I'm confused why a US operation would act before it knew what the medium term was going to look like.
Unless they were looking to make cuts anyway and this is just a good excuse.
It is of course plausible that - whilst no cuts were planned - the financials were very delicate.
It's common sense that any business that was on the margins might well be tipped over due to the uncertainty caused by Brexit. It's the same for investment decisions. You can defer or scrap them and be wholly justified by pointing to Brexit.
It's worth remembering that the markets globally were already nervous about all manner of things. Brexit might not mean much to them directly, but they're wondering if this is the straw that breaks the camel's back, not just in Britain, but in Europe and beyond.
This also brings up the serious prospect of Theresa and Boris doing a deal where he becomes chancellor under her and delivers her to the final round and brings a chunk of leave support.
Would Boris want to be Chancellor? All that detail.
Yes Dave has been criticised for his failure to grasp detail as PM. PM is about the only serious role that Boris could do, and even then he would be destroyed at PMQs by a competent, or even persistent LotO.
The thought of him huddling, as a loser, with Treasury officials day after day, and long into the night, crafting the Autumn Statement, is a patently absurd one.
Has anyone seen or heard from Philip Hammond? What's he up to? He's made no intention of wanting to stand, which is no surprise to us but surely it's critical which way he goes. He gives stature to a dream ticket in a way that Javid doesn't.
G-live: - Tory MP Nigel Evans, who is backing Boris Johnson, was asked whether Theresa May had stabbed his favoured candidate in the back and Michael Gove had stabbed him in the front. He replied:
"That’s about it. It makes House of Cards look like Teletubbies."
This also brings up the serious prospect of Theresa and Boris doing a deal where he becomes chancellor under her and delivers her to the final round and brings a chunk of leave support.
regularly used in my group (and in the NMR community at large) to put the date on experimental data.
My Director of Studies at Cambridge wrote dates with a Roman numeral for the month. I've taken to doing it myself sometimes - one advantage is that it reduces ambiguity with US date formats.
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
It's started. Project Reality.
There are no planned redundancies at the Silver Circle law firm I'm at, as far as I'm aware. I'm confused why a US operation would act before it knew what the medium term was going to look like.
Everybody is going to use Brexit as the reason for any redundancies at this point. It's only human, and it may even be true.
It reminds me of the hilarious DianaBalls theme in Private Eye back in 1997 - everyone was blaming every minor misfortune on her death, from falling clothing sales to low visitor numbers at English Heritage, some such nonsense. I forget now but there were some doozies
There are no planned redundancies at the Silver Circle law firm I'm at, as far as I'm aware. I'm confused why a US operation would act before it knew what the medium term was going to look like.
I think it is lawyers who specialise in fund-raising or mergers and acquisitions who are likely to be hit in the short term. Everything is frozen.
Yes, there isn't much chance of dealmaking at the moment, until we get clarity on what we're going to do the markets are frozen. Hopefully Mrs May can pull this off and gets a fig leaf on FoM which she can sell to the party as enough of a reform. I know you're about to lecture me on how none of this had to happen, but remember, I've always said the EEA should be our destination, even if there was some short term uncertainty in getting there.
Writing dates with the month expressed as a roman numeral was very common in the civil service when I was with them. I have also noted it amongst senior medical practitioners and some senior army bods. You probably think them all tw*ts as well.
I don't know where the habit comes from, is it an Oxford thing does anyone know?
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
It's started. Project Reality.
My friend who works at Manchester University has lost his job as a direct result of Brexit. It will affect our universities and science negatively in a big way. And no it is not all about the money we pay to the EU.
I assume a short term research contract dependant on an European funded program that has not been renewed?
I am surprised that there has been an effect that quickly, Horizon 2020 projects should still be secure and most Universities are expecting the science collaboration to continue even if we exit.
In general you are right though - a lot of reassuring emails were sent last Friday although its a shame to see they were unjustified.
I do a lot of work with top UK unis & all.have sent emails to staff / students saying no change for the immediate future, carry on as usual. And will be lobbying the government during the brexit process.
Has anyone seen or heard from Philip Hammond? What's he up to? He's made no intention of wanting to stand, which is no surprise to us but surely it's critical which way he goes. He gives stature to a dream ticket in a way that Javid doesn't.
Yes, I'd like Hammond to get the keys to Number 11.
This also brings up the serious prospect of Theresa and Boris doing a deal where he becomes chancellor under her and delivers her to the final round and brings a chunk of leave support.
Would Boris want to be Chancellor? All that detail.
Better than Minister for Brexit. He could land Gove with that job if he had power within the May administration.
Minister for Brexit has no power compared with Chancellor.
Minister for Brexit would be like Deputy PM.
Clever move by May to neutralise a major Brexit player.
The e mail from Gove's wife made clear that Dacre and Murdoch were pulling strings behind the scene. For that reason alone both Boris and Gove need to lose. Surely Teresa has to win this now - I am voting for her and I do have a vote
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
@BBCVickiYoung: Tory MP tells me problem with Boris was "he promised same things to different people and different things to same people" #ToryLeadership
@BBCVickiYoung: Tory MP tells me problem with Boris was "he promised same things to different people and different things to same people" #ToryLeadership
How essential is it for city of London to have "passporting"? Any city experts please not mourning remainders.
There was an informed (apparently .... I’m not really qualified to judge) post yesterday which suggested that worries about the City’s position were unnecessary and overdone.
@nunu - have a search for two posts by @Travelgall - she offered a great insight.
Those posts were good. There will however be some negative effect - and it is no point ignoring it. It would be better to keep the passport. But it is certainly the case that Germany and France have significant disadvantages which are not necessarily eliminated by having the passport. See my posts on the previous thread this morning.
It would be better to keep it. But there are lots of variables to consider here.
From my non-expert view, I thought he made valid points but I suspect he is missing the big issue about marketing. The UK's pole position comes from having a critical mass of skilled practitioners, a supportive regulatory regime AND being in the EU. The UK has been in the EU so long, and before the huge globalisation effects on finance, people haven't factored in the likely consequences of Britain leaving the EU. A lot of the business in London starts or ends in the EU who are used to the regime where they are. They won't necessarily want a foreign regime even if it appears to be superior in isolation . People are mobile and becoming more so. If it makes sense to move them businesses will. Add in the fact that a large cohort of those working in the City are French and you have a ready made work force for any operations in that country.
Responding to your earlier point about businesses moving out of London on cost grounds, regardless of Brexit, My take is that London commands a premium so companies will base operations there regardless of the cost. If that premium reduces or disappears on Brexit, London will have to start competing on price - lower salaries in other words.
So it isn't a straightforward Britain is out of the EU so we are out of Britain. But the trend is negative nevertheless.
The e mail from Gove's wife made clear that Dacre and Murdoch were pulling strings behind the scene. For that reason alone both Boris and Gove need to lose. Surely Teresa has to win this now - I am voting for her and I do have a vote
Writing dates with the month expressed as a roman numeral was very common in the civil service when I was with them. I have also noted it amongst senior medical practitioners and some senior army bods. You probably think them all tw*ts as well.
I don't know where the habit comes from, is it an Oxford thing does anyone know?
My wife who worked in pharmaceuticals and had to get her lab book signed and dated every day for patent reasons in case they invented anything awesome, always* writes the date as
30th June 2016
To remove ambiguity or any possibility of later falsification
Has anyone seen or heard from Philip Hammond? What's he up to? He's made no intention of wanting to stand, which is no surprise to us but surely it's critical which way he goes. He gives stature to a dream ticket in a way that Javid doesn't.
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
It's started. Project Reality.
There are no planned redundancies at the Silver Circle law firm I'm at, as far as I'm aware. I'm confused why a US operation would act before it knew what the medium term was going to look like.
Exactly - my employer put out a "steady as she goes" communication to staff.
Theme from Gove camp (he himself the other day, and now Raab):
"I won't point fingers at other people"
= it was all my colleagues' fault; they are useless bastards.
Not IMO a great personality trait.
Like Boris, Gove has promised: * £350 million a week more spending on the NHS. * Tax cuts * No tax rises * No public spending cuts * All current EU grants and subsidies maintained * A selection of beneficial trade agreements * Major reductions in immigration * Ongoing, full access to the single market Like Boris, he will not be able to deliver.
St Michael's crucifixion on the cross of broken promises will be longer, more painful and elaborately exquisite, than bluffer Boris's 'gosh, cripes, did I say that? No I didn't!'
Writing dates with the month expressed as a roman numeral was very common in the civil service when I was with them. I have also noted it amongst senior medical practitioners and some senior army bods. You probably think them all tw*ts as well.
I don't know where the habit comes from, is it an Oxford thing does anyone know?
When there are american and UK conventions for month/day order, roman numerals make clear which is the month.
Writing the date that way is very sensible if you deal with Americans - it avoids any confusion as to which is the month and which is the day. If you do it often enough, it become habit. When I joined the FCO, that was the way we were encouraged to do it. The only issue, then, is the lower case i in a Roman numeral.
Theme from Gove camp (he himself the other day, and now Raab):
"I won't point fingers at other people"
= it was all my colleagues' fault; they are useless bastards.
Not IMO a great personality trait.
Like Boris, Gove has promised: * £350 million a week more spending on the NHS. * Tax cuts * No tax rises * No public spending cuts * All current EU grants and subsidies maintained * A selection of beneficial trade agreements * Major reductions in immigration * Ongoing, full access to the single market Like Boris, he will not be able to deliver.
St Michael's crucifixion on the cross of broken promises will be longer, more painful and elaborately exquisite, than bluffer Boris's 'gosh, cripes, did I say that? No I didn't!'
Gove also has his lack of belief in experts quote to deal with. I can't believe he seriously thinks he could face the electorate and win a majority.
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
It's started. Project Reality.
That was quick .... or is it just a handy excuse.
Almost certainly a bit of both - but without BREXIT it might have been an orderly unwinding - this will be 'sauve qui peut'.....
Theme from Gove camp (he himself the other day, and now Raab):
"I won't point fingers at other people"
= it was all my colleagues' fault; they are useless bastards.
Not IMO a great personality trait.
Like Boris, Gove has promised: * £350 million a week more spending on the NHS. * Tax cuts * No tax rises * No public spending cuts * All current EU grants and subsidies maintained * A selection of beneficial trade agreements * Major reductions in immigration * Ongoing, full access to the single market Like Boris, he will not be able to deliver.
St Michael's crucifixion on the cross of broken promises will be longer, more painful and elaborately exquisite, than bluffer Boris's 'gosh, cripes, did I say that? No I didn't!'
Yes, people would still love Boris after he fails to deliver. No so with Gove.
Theme from Gove camp (he himself the other day, and now Raab):
"I won't point fingers at other people"
= it was all my colleagues' fault; they are useless bastards.
Not IMO a great personality trait.
Like Boris, Gove has promised: * £350 million a week more spending on the NHS. * Tax cuts * No tax rises * No public spending cuts * All current EU grants and subsidies maintained * A selection of beneficial trade agreements * Major reductions in immigration * Ongoing, full access to the single market Like Boris, he will not be able to deliver.
St Michael's crucifixion on the cross of broken promises will be longer, more painful and elaborately exquisite, than bluffer Boris's 'gosh, cripes, did I say that? No I didn't!'
Gove also has his lack of belief in experts quote to deal with. I can't believe he seriously thinks he could face the electorate and win a majority.
Writing dates with the month expressed as a roman numeral was very common in the civil service when I was with them. I have also noted it amongst senior medical practitioners and some senior army bods. You probably think them all tw*ts as well.
I don't know where the habit comes from, is it an Oxford thing does anyone know?
I learned it at Cambridge so at least two outposts of civilization have continued to use it in living memory
But it's older and more widespread than that, from a comment thread elsewhere on the web:
what about the system which uses Roman numerals for the month? today is 20 IV ’12. I have seen this on many paintings/drawings in museums, and here’s a passage from the Roman numeral entry in wikipedia, “In Central Europe, Italy, Russia, and in Bulgarian, Croatian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Serbian languages, mixed Roman and Arabic numerals are used to record dates (usually on tombstones, but also elsewhere, such as in formal letters and official documents). The month is written in Roman numerals while the day is in Arabic numerals: 14. VI. 1789 is 14 June 1789.”
Jesus H. Christ. What a way to respond to the Chakrabarti report:
@MarcusDysch: Corbyn: "'Zio' is a vile epithet. Our Jewish friends are no more responsible for actions of Israel than Muslims are for Islamic State."
Why is anyone surprised? Corbyn has been Chair of Stop the War which was against fighting IS but did want war on Israel (though they tried deleting those bits of their website saying so). In such people's minds there is no moral difference between Israel and IS. Corbyn and his ilk simply do not understand why the relationship between being Jewish and Israel is very different to that between being Muslim and IS. Hence his crassness. He is, of course, right that one should not hold Muslims as a group responsible for the actions of IS. He is far less clear about holding the ideology behind IS responsible for IS.
Osborne's acolytes will line up behind Gove and Osborne will be Gove's chancellor.
Not a chance Osborne will be chancellor. He wants FCO. I suspect that was the deal.
My first thought was that Osborne cannot be allowed the FCO because he should not be allowed anywhere near anything to do with the Brexit negotiations. Then I thought he would be a good person to negotiate all our new trade deals. Then I wondered - will he be able to get over his schadenfreude enough to warrant that confidence in him.
@PolhomeEditor: Jewish MP Ruth Smeeth left in floods of tears at anti-semotism event after Labour member accuses her of being in cahoots with the Telegraph.
The e mail from Gove's wife made clear that Dacre and Murdoch were pulling strings behind the scene. For that reason alone both Boris and Gove need to lose. Surely Teresa has to win this now - I am voting for her and I do have a vote
Big_G, I am mystified how a person who has himself told us that he does not have the personal qualities and skill set to be party leader let alone PM can credibly run for both jobs. The May campaign just need to dig out those interviews and articles and circulate them, repeatedly.
I admire Gove, I think he is devastatingly intelligent and a principled man. I am therefore confused by his sudden offer to run for the top job, a job he has already said he is unfit to hold. The only solution to this conundrum that I can see is that he is out to kill off Boris's campaign, to keep May "honest" but not to win.
Jesus H. Christ. What a way to respond to the Chakrabarti report:
@MarcusDysch: Corbyn: "'Zio' is a vile epithet. Our Jewish friends are no more responsible for actions of Israel than Muslims are for Islamic State."
Why is anyone surprised? Corbyn has been Chair of Stop the War which was against fighting IS but did want war on Israel (though they tried deleting those bits of their website saying so). In such people's minds there is no moral difference between Israel and IS. Corbyn and his ilk simply do not understand why the relationship between being Jewish and Israel is very different to that between being Muslim and IS. Hence his crassness. He is, of course, right that one should not hold Muslims as a group responsible for the actions of IS. He is far less clear about holding the ideology behind IS responsible for IS.
Tom Harris: "To be fair, Corbyn does see a difference between Israel and isis. He doesn’t think bombing Isis is justified."
Theme from Gove camp (he himself the other day, and now Raab):
"I won't point fingers at other people"
= it was all my colleagues' fault; they are useless bastards.
Not IMO a great personality trait.
Like Boris, Gove has promised: * £350 million a week more spending on the NHS. * Tax cuts * No tax rises * No public spending cuts * All current EU grants and subsidies maintained * A selection of beneficial trade agreements * Major reductions in immigration * Ongoing, full access to the single market Like Boris, he will not be able to deliver.
St Michael's crucifixion on the cross of broken promises will be longer, more painful and elaborately exquisite, than bluffer Boris's 'gosh, cripes, did I say that? No I didn't!'
Gove also has his lack of belief in experts quote to deal with. I can't believe he seriously thinks he could face the electorate and win a majority.
He’s “not liked” in Education, is he.
He caused teachers to up their game, so disliked by teachers but liked by parents.
The e mail from Gove's wife made clear that Dacre and Murdoch were pulling strings behind the scene. For that reason alone both Boris and Gove need to lose. Surely Teresa has to win this now - I am voting for her and I do have a vote
Big_G, I am mystified how a person who has himself told us that he does not have the personal qualities and skill set to be party leader let alone PM can credibly run for both jobs. The May campaign just need to dig out those interviews and articles and circulate them, repeatedly.
I admire Gove, I think he is devastatingly intelligent and a principled man. I am therefore confused by his sudden offer to run for the top job, a job he has already said he is unfit to hold. The only solution to this conundrum that I can see is that he is out to kill off Boris's campaign, to keep May "honest" but not to win.
To borrow a military term, I think this is a spoiling attack, end of.
My wife has just come off the phone to her sister, a partner in a US-based firm in the City.
First round of redundancies starts on Monday 'as a direct result of brexit'. As she says, the 'smart' Lawyers who voted Leave on the basis of reducing immigration will certainly get their wishes - they'll be doing their own cleaning whilst looking for other jobs.
Meanwhile, the French, who had been holding-up the top-end residential market in London are pulling out of housing transactions all over the leafy suburbs.
It's started. Project Reality.
There are no planned redundancies at the Silver Circle law firm I'm at, as far as I'm aware. I'm confused why a US operation would act before it knew what the medium term was going to look like.
It sounds more like a pretext for a decision that was taken some time ago.
Boasting about London isn't helping Boris in this speech. He needs to get on the ballot. The way he treated the Greater London Tory MPs like dirt when he was Mayor did nothing to make him popular amongst that part of the ToryMP electorate he needs to attract to get to number one or two with the selectorate.
Writing dates with the month expressed as a roman numeral was very common in the civil service when I was with them. I have also noted it amongst senior medical practitioners and some senior army bods. You probably think them all tw*ts as well.
I don't know where the habit comes from, is it an Oxford thing does anyone know?
When there are american and UK conventions for month/day order, roman numerals make clear which is the month.
Comments
It's worth remembering that the markets globally were already nervous about all manner of things. Brexit might not mean much to them directly, but they're wondering if this is the straw that breaks the camel's back, not just in Britain, but in Europe and beyond.
And he did a damn good job at education, judged by how much he annoyed the unions there :-)
I am fairly sure however that I am not representative of the public - I always thought Blair was just skin-crawlingly awful, even in 1997.
The thought of him huddling, as a loser, with Treasury officials day after day, and long into the night, crafting the Autumn Statement, is a patently absurd one.
"That’s about it. It makes House of Cards look like Teletubbies."
Glad to know what a t*** I am, murali
I don't know where the habit comes from, is it an Oxford thing does anyone know?
Minister for Brexit would be like Deputy PM.
Clever move by May to neutralise a major Brexit player.
@MarcusDysch: Corbyn: "'Zio' is a vile epithet. Our Jewish friends are no more responsible for actions of Israel than Muslims are for Islamic State."
From my non-expert view, I thought he made valid points but I suspect he is missing the big issue about marketing. The UK's pole position comes from having a critical mass of skilled practitioners, a supportive regulatory regime AND being in the EU. The UK has been in the EU so long, and before the huge globalisation effects on finance, people haven't factored in the likely consequences of Britain leaving the EU. A lot of the business in London starts or ends in the EU who are used to the regime where they are. They won't necessarily want a foreign regime even if it appears to be superior in isolation . People are mobile and becoming more so. If it makes sense to move them businesses will. Add in the fact that a large cohort of those working in the City are French and you have a ready made work force for any operations in that country.
Responding to your earlier point about businesses moving out of London on cost grounds, regardless of Brexit, My take is that London commands a premium so companies will base operations there regardless of the cost. If that premium reduces or disappears on Brexit, London will have to start competing on price - lower salaries in other words.
So it isn't a straightforward Britain is out of the EU so we are out of Britain. But the trend is negative nevertheless.
30th June 2016
To remove ambiguity or any possibility of later falsification
* yes OK not always...
Louise Mensch @LouiseMensch · 2m2 minutes ago
Nadine Dorries of I'm a Celebrity shrill shrieks about her colleagues are another blow to Boris she's exactly what Tories don't need
Crazy to back him until we know whether he's running.
Meanwhile laid Eagle, backed Smith in Labour.
@iainmartin1: Team Boris claims Gove read and edited disastrous Boris column Sunday for Monday... https://t.co/myUa1vMmNX
*looks heavenwards*
"You're spoiling us...."
Preferably alone - yes we are looking at you Mr Gove
But it's older and more widespread than that, from a comment thread elsewhere on the web:
what about the system which uses Roman numerals for the month?
today is 20 IV ’12. I have seen this on many paintings/drawings in museums, and here’s a passage from the Roman numeral entry in wikipedia, “In Central Europe, Italy, Russia, and in Bulgarian, Croatian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Serbian languages, mixed Roman and Arabic numerals are used to record dates (usually on tombstones, but also elsewhere, such as in formal letters and official documents). The month is written in Roman numerals while the day is in Arabic numerals: 14. VI. 1789 is 14 June 1789.”
https://britishisms.wordpress.com/2012/04/09/european-date-format/
Sometimes seen with dots and sometimes with a slash:
http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/5655/writing-month-with-roman-numbers
I recall a thread somewhere on the web explaining the preferred ways they'd seen it done at Cambridge but can't find it now.
I admire Gove, I think he is devastatingly intelligent and a principled man. I am therefore confused by his sudden offer to run for the top job, a job he has already said he is unfit to hold. The only solution to this conundrum that I can see is that he is out to kill off Boris's campaign, to keep May "honest" but not to win.
http://order-order.com/2016/06/30/chakrabarti-report-no-lifetime-ban-anti-semites/
Chakrabarti who just happens to be a Labour member.
He needs to get on the ballot.
The way he treated the Greater London Tory MPs like dirt when he was Mayor did nothing to make him popular amongst that part of the ToryMP electorate he needs to attract to get to number one or two with the selectorate.