politicalbetting.com » Blog Archive » Why you should be wary of hypothetical polling
Please indulge me as I take a minute today to complain about poll questions that ask people whether they'd be more or less likely to vote for a candidate if the candidate did X thing.
Polling on much more than basic VI on party leader satisfaction is becoming increasingly difficult, we;ve already seen from recent examples that slight wording changes in the questions can produce wildly different results.
I think they are flawed because in a lot of cases you have the base vote for the party, who will vote for them whatever. Say this is 25% for Tories and Labour. Then the bit that matters is the other 50%, and what they would think. It is slightly more dynamic as well as some people leading a party may put off some of their own voters, or solidify the opposition vote against them
Shaun Bailey is now second favourite after Sadiq Khan at 3s (BF) and 5/2 (Laddies).
I see that Joy Morrissey (25s) has just been endorsed by Andrea Leadsome.
No idea about Andrew Boff but if Bailey gets the nomination then his odds are likely to shorten further, especially if, as seems possible from today's ES, George is gunning for Sadiq.
Perhaps it was an anti-Semitic-anti-apartheid-movement. Perhaps they were worried the main one had been taken over by the Jews.
Mandela was a Blairite before Blair was. That'll be the reason.
Ah yes, he was rather fond of the middle way. Jezza's followers are more from the Winnie Mandela tradition of "necklacing" anyone who disagrees with them
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
I got quite a talking to by our college Nurse on matriculating; apparently being honest on the 'units of alcohol' question wasn't customary, so doubling the true figure gave her cause for concern.....
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
I got quite a talking to by our college Nurse on matriculating; apparently being honest on the 'units of alcohol' question wasn't customary, so doubling the true figure gave her cause for concern.....
I thought the only possible answer was 'Sufficient, thank you'.
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
I got quite a talking to by our college Nurse on matriculating; apparently being honest on the 'units of alcohol' question wasn't customary, so doubling the true figure gave her cause for concern.....
I thought the only possible answer was 'Sufficient, thank you'.
I suspect that new undergraduates, without access to the cellar, should have been the least of her concerns!
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
I got quite a talking to by our college Nurse on matriculating; apparently being honest on the 'units of alcohol' question wasn't customary, so doubling the true figure gave her cause for concern.....
I thought the only possible answer was 'Sufficient, thank you'.
I suspect that new undergraduates, without access to the cellar, should have been the least of her concerns!
Yeah, I have a young relative who was recently at Trinity, Cambridge, and was able to buy some of the wines which the dons didn't want, at very favourable prices. All I can say is that, if those are the wines the dons rejected, one wonders what ones they decided to keep.
I used to like my steaks really well done but increasingly over the years I have become more of a pinko now preferring medium rare. What this says about my politics I am not entirely sure but its no doubt meaningful.
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
Was it on here that someone said that doctors only began to worry if their patients drank twice as much as they did?
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
What do they do with a "Don't smoke, don't drink" response?
Although mine isn't quite that - I do drink, regularly: one glass of Tio Pepe every Christmas. Or New Year's eve, if I happen to miss out at Christmas.
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
What do they do with a "Don't smoke, don't drink" response?
Although mine isn't quite that - I do drink, regularly: one glass of Tio Pepe every Christmas. Or New Year's eve, if I happen to miss out at Christmas.
It was just such a rotten deal from our perspective that you assumed that there were compromises and understandings behind it which had got her to that position. To get there all by herself would be a remarkable achievement, even for Olly Robbins.
It doesn't look like it was agreed, the whole indivisible four freedoms is something that the UK seems to assume can be fudged, and the EU says "Never! Never! Never!" to.
We seem to have truly screwed up the negotiation, we should have started with the hard Brexit base and built on that. Instead we've been trying to have our cake and eat it, and assumed that the EU would give ground, and I expect they assumed we'd realise they can't or won't.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
Even if responses are given under oath, people are quite capable of lying or overstating.
we should have started with the hard Brexit base and built on that.
Nissan would have upped sticks and the Government would have fallen.
Apart from that, great plan
If we crash out both of those things are probable, and we seem to be heading to that by default because of lousy preparation and negotiation on the part of the government.
We seem to have truly screwed up the negotiation, we should have started with the hard Brexit base and built on that. Instead we've been trying to have our cake and eat it, and assumed that the EU would give ground, and I expect they assumed we'd realise they can't or won't.
We did start from a hard Brexit base. That's what the Lancaster House speech was all about. The problem was that it was a transparent bluff.
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
What do they do with a "Don't smoke, don't drink" response?
Although mine isn't quite that - I do drink, regularly: one glass of Tio Pepe every Christmas. Or New Year's eve, if I happen to miss out at Christmas.
Good afternoon, everyone.
Five times zero is zero. Similarly twice zero.
Mathematically correct, but the important difference there is the change from disbelief of the patient's self-reporting to belief in it. I wonder why that is?
Mr. glw, which is why a second vote is still plausible. May's dithering and capitulation has put us in a poor position. There may not be the votes for any deal.
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
What do they do with a "Don't smoke, don't drink" response? ...
Hold the patient with tongs, and scrutinise them with exceeding caution.
We seem to have truly screwed up the negotiation, we should have started with the hard Brexit base and built on that. Instead we've been trying to have our cake and eat it, and assumed that the EU would give ground, and I expect they assumed we'd realise they can't or won't.
We did start from a hard Brexit base. That's what the Lancaster House speech was all about. The problem was that it was a transparent bluff.
It should not have been a bluff. Start from that point and build on it in areas where we can agree with the EU. Instead we still seem to be asking the EU for things they asbolutely refuse to accept. Maybe the EU negotiators are bluffing, but if they are not we are in a real mess.
Mr. glw, which is why a second vote is still plausible. May's dithering and capitulation has put us in a poor position. There may not be the votes for any deal.
We seem to be in a bloody brilliant position where we can neither leave or stay in the EU.
RESULTS (9 to elect) DAR, Yasmine 88,176 ELECTED WEBBE, Claudia 83,797 ELECTED LANSMAN, Jon 83,072 ELECTED GARNHAM, Rachel 81,702 ELECTED ELMI, Huda 80,371 ELECTED WILLIAMS, Darren 79,361 ELECTED HENDERSON, Ann 79,176 ELECTED MISHRA, Navendu 75,224 ELECTED WILLSMAN, Peter 70,321 ELECTED IZZARD, Eddie 67,819 BAXTER, Johanna 50,185 SINGH JOSAN, Gurinder 48,643 BLACK, Ann 45,566 BECKETT, Jasmin 43,955 PETO, Heather 43,774 AKEHURST, Luke 43,156 CAZIMOGLU, Eda 40,807 WIMBURY, Mary 40,507 BANES, Lisa 37,993 MASTERS, Marianna 35,061 FLETCHER, Jonathan 15,303 GUY, Stephen 14,985 MORRISON, Nicola 10,671 CRAIGIE, James 10,326 SPEDDING, Gary 9,854 STANNERS, Stephen 8,909
Mr. glw, which is why a second vote is still plausible. May's dithering and capitulation has put us in a poor position. There may not be the votes for any deal.
We seem to be in a bloody brilliant position where we can neither leave or stay in the EU.
We seem to have truly screwed up the negotiation, we should have started with the hard Brexit base and built on that. Instead we've been trying to have our cake and eat it, and assumed that the EU would give ground, and I expect they assumed we'd realise they can't or won't.
We did start from a hard Brexit base. That's what the Lancaster House speech was all about. The problem was that it was a transparent bluff.
It should not have been a bluff. Start from that point and build on it in areas where we can agree with the EU. Instead we still seem to be asking the EU for things they asbolutely refuse to accept. Maybe the EU negotiators are bluffing, but if they are not we are in a real mess.
It was necessarily a bluff because the reality of our trade relationships as well as the political situation in Northern Ireland meant that starting from WTO terms was never a credible option and the EU knew it.
It should not have been a bluff. Start from that point and build on it in areas where we can agree with the EU. Instead we still seem to be asking the EU for things they asbolutely refuse to accept. Maybe the EU negotiators are bluffing, but if they are not we are in a real mess.
How does that work?
Negotiation, Day 1: "We don't need any of your crap. Now what will you give us?"
It was necessarily a bluff because the reality of our trade relationships as well as the political situation in Northern Ireland meant that starting from WTO terms was never a credible option and the EU knew it.
And yet it seems to be where we are headed. As taking Barnier at his word Chequers appears to be dead.
It was necessarily a bluff because the reality of our trade relationships as well as the political situation in Northern Ireland meant that starting from WTO terms was never a credible option and the EU knew it.
And yet it seems to be where we are headed. As taking Barnier at his word Chequers appears to be dead.
Chequers is irrelevant to the Withdrawal Agreement.
It should not have been a bluff. Start from that point and build on it in areas where we can agree with the EU. Instead we still seem to be asking the EU for things they asbolutely refuse to accept. Maybe the EU negotiators are bluffing, but if they are not we are in a real mess.
How does that work?
Negotiation, Day 1: "We don't need any of your crap. Now what will you give us?"
Can't see any problem with that...
It's better than spending two years asking to have our cake and eat it too.
They all seem to have a bee in their bonnet about the Jews. This is the google page for Luke Akehurst. Out of three tweets, one of them is about guess what...
Mr. glw, which is why a second vote is still plausible. May's dithering and capitulation has put us in a poor position. There may not be the votes for any deal.
Very true. A lot will depend on how the arm-twisting works when a deal that no-one is passionate about comes to a vote. The message to Boris, Nadine Dorries, JRM etc. needs to be "if you don't vote for this, you don't get any Brexit at all." and to the likes of Anna Soubry and Justine Greening "if you don't vote for this we crash out without a deal" The only way I can see her getting anything through parliament is if both believe her. How on earth does she manage that?
Yes and it is clear to any Labour voter that they are voting for a racist party. Hopefully a temporary split is now becoming increasingly likely until the Anti-Semite-Scumbag-In-Chief is removed from office.
Yes and it is clear to any Labour voter that they are voting for a racist party. Hopefully a temporary split is now becoming increasingly likely until the Anti-Semite-Scumbag-In-Chief is removed from office.
Obviously this does not apply to Conservative voters because ... reasons.
They all seem to have a bee in their bonnet about the Jews. This is the google page for Luke Akehurst. Out of three tweets, one of them is about guess what...
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
What do they do with a "Don't smoke, don't drink" response?
Although mine isn't quite that - I do drink, regularly: one glass of Tio Pepe every Christmas. Or New Year's eve, if I happen to miss out at Christmas.
Good afternoon, everyone.
Five times zero is zero. Similarly twice zero.
Surely inebriation is the only thing that keeps Britain coping with Brexit?
Yes and it is clear to any Labour voter that they are voting for a racist party. Hopefully a temporary split is now becoming increasingly likely until the Anti-Semite-Scumbag-In-Chief is removed from office.
Obviously this does not apply to Conservative voters because ... reasons.
Because the leaders of the Conservative Party, the LibDems, the Greens and even The Monster Raving Loony Party have not been recorded expressing openly racist views. I personally would never vote for a party that had a leader that I strongly suspected held offensive racist views.
Maybe he isn't, but he seems pretty bad at spotting it if he can sit on a disciplinary committee and never see any.
Almost by definition the members of the disciplinary committee are going to see racists, sexists, homophobes and xenophobes. Any voluntary or membership organisation comes across undesirables, it's the nature of the beast.
What matters is how they are dealt with - do they get expelled, or do they get elected to the NEC?
I hope they crow so much that the decent moderate MPs that still make up a good part of the Labour party break away and set up a rival parliamentary group
These polls are telling you something, even if it isn't exactly what the formal results suggest.
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
What do they do with a "Don't smoke, don't drink" response?
Although mine isn't quite that - I do drink, regularly: one glass of Tio Pepe every Christmas. Or New Year's eve, if I happen to miss out at Christmas.
Good afternoon, everyone.
Five times zero is zero. Similarly twice zero.
Surely inebriation is the only thing that keeps Britain coping with Brexit?
What happens when someone decides to be honest and say they drink 70 or 80 units a week?
Yes and it is clear to any Labour voter that they are voting for a racist party. Hopefully a temporary split is now becoming increasingly likely until the Anti-Semite-Scumbag-In-Chief is removed from office.
Obviously this does not apply to Conservative voters because ... reasons.
Because the leaders of the Conservative Party, the LibDems, the Greens and even The Monster Raving Loony Party have not been recorded expressing openly racist views. I personally would never vote for a party that had a leader that I strongly suspected held offensive racist views.
Are you happy supporting an anti-Semite bigot?
I am not supporting Corbyn, though I do not necessarily agree with your characterisation of him in what looks like push-polling. I have long pointed out Boris is vulnerable to similar attacks and therefore should be opposed in the next PM betting.
Yes and it is clear to any Labour voter that they are voting for a racist party. Hopefully a temporary split is now becoming increasingly likely until the Anti-Semite-Scumbag-In-Chief is removed from office.
Obviously this does not apply to Conservative voters because ... reasons.
Because the leaders of the Conservative Party, the LibDems, the Greens and even The Monster Raving Loony Party have not been recorded expressing openly racist views. I personally would never vote for a party that had a leader that I strongly suspected held offensive racist views.
Are you happy supporting an anti-Semite bigot?
I am not supporting Corbyn, though I do not necessarily agree with your characterisation of him in what looks like push-polling. I have long pointed out Boris is vulnerable to similar attacks and therefore should be opposed in the next PM betting.
I agree about Boris, he has equally unpleasant views, and his use of language betrays those views, as does Corbyn.
At the moment though, Boris is not leader of the Conservatives, and while the Conservatives have problems with UKIP entryists, (who are probably racist), it has nothing like the problem that Labour has with Anti-Semitism from Momentum. As I am still a member of the Conservative Party I will do all I can do to ensure that Boris does not become leader. If it does I suspect there will be a number of Tory MPs resigning the Whip
They all seem to have a bee in their bonnet about the Jews. This is the google page for Luke Akehurst. Out of three tweets, one of them is about guess what...
I hope they crow so much that the decent moderate MPs that still make up a good part of the Labour party break away and set up a rival parliamentary group
Yes and it is clear to any Labour voter that they are voting for a racist party. Hopefully a temporary split is now becoming increasingly likely until the Anti-Semite-Scumbag-In-Chief is removed from office.
Obviously this does not apply to Conservative voters because ... reasons.
Because the leaders of the Conservative Party, the LibDems, the Greens and even The Monster Raving Loony Party have not been recorded expressing openly racist views. I personally would never vote for a party that had a leader that I strongly suspected held offensive racist views.
Are you happy supporting an anti-Semite bigot?
I have long pointed out Boris is vulnerable to similar attacks and therefore should be opposed in the next PM betting.
I hope they crow so much that the decent moderate MPs that still make up a good part of the Labour party break away and set up a rival parliamentary group
I hope they crow so much that the decent moderate MPs that still make up a good part of the Labour party break away and set up a rival parliamentary group
Is that all you got left.
Sad really
That post has all the vacuousness that I would expect of a Corbyn apologist.
What is "sad" is that a once great party ( I am not a supporter but can recognise them as such) has been taken over by a bunch of fruitcakes who idolise a man who is clearly not just not very bright but who also shows the ultimate in human stupidity; racist prejudice.
Comments
Polling on much more than basic VI on party leader satisfaction is becoming increasingly difficult, we;ve already seen from recent examples that slight wording changes in the questions can produce wildly different results.
Would be pointless, as it will clearly be ruled a constitutional right by the SC after Kavanaugh's confirmation.
https://twitter.com/Democracy_A2/status/1036562290953338880
London Mayor betting.
Shaun Bailey is now second favourite after Sadiq Khan at 3s (BF) and 5/2 (Laddies).
I see that Joy Morrissey (25s) has just been endorsed by Andrea Leadsome.
No idea about Andrew Boff but if Bailey gets the nomination then his odds are likely to shorten further, especially if, as seems possible from today's ES, George is gunning for Sadiq.
https://twitter.com/Baddiel/status/1036624826398650368
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/09/omarosa-reportedly-taped-nearly-every-conversation-she-had-at-the-white-house.html?
It's always worth remembering that poll responses are not given under oath. Respondents are quite capable of lying or overstating their position for emphasis.
I understand that when you fill out medical questionnaires, doctors multiply your stated alcohol consumption by two and your stated cigarette consumption by five. Anything that is designed to show a poll respondent in a particular light should similarly be held with tongs and scrutinised carefully.
I know 'innocent until proven guilty' and all that. But surely voting is something that should only be open to full, current members?
https://twitter.com/mishtal/status/1036626046269960192
Comrades, all the Commissars beloved of the Chairman have received the proletariat's seal of approval. What more could one want?
Although mine isn't quite that - I do drink, regularly: one glass of Tio Pepe every Christmas. Or New Year's eve, if I happen to miss out at Christmas.
Good afternoon, everyone.
We seem to have truly screwed up the negotiation, we should have started with the hard Brexit base and built on that. Instead we've been trying to have our cake and eat it, and assumed that the EU would give ground, and I expect they assumed we'd realise they can't or won't.
Apart from that, great plan
RESULTS (9 to elect)
DAR, Yasmine 88,176 ELECTED
WEBBE, Claudia 83,797 ELECTED
LANSMAN, Jon 83,072 ELECTED
GARNHAM, Rachel 81,702 ELECTED
ELMI, Huda 80,371 ELECTED
WILLIAMS, Darren 79,361 ELECTED
HENDERSON, Ann 79,176 ELECTED
MISHRA, Navendu 75,224 ELECTED
WILLSMAN, Peter 70,321 ELECTED
IZZARD, Eddie 67,819
BAXTER, Johanna 50,185
SINGH JOSAN, Gurinder 48,643
BLACK, Ann 45,566
BECKETT, Jasmin 43,955
PETO, Heather 43,774
AKEHURST, Luke 43,156
CAZIMOGLU, Eda 40,807
WIMBURY, Mary 40,507
BANES, Lisa 37,993
MASTERS, Marianna 35,061
FLETCHER, Jonathan 15,303
GUY, Stephen 14,985
MORRISON, Nicola 10,671
CRAIGIE, James 10,326
SPEDDING, Gary 9,854
STANNERS, Stephen 8,909
It was labelled "Project Fear" and ridiculed as "experts" by Gove.
Negotiation, Day 1: "We don't need any of your crap. Now what will you give us?"
Can't see any problem with that...
But thinks will be resolved, one way or the other.
https://twitter.com/PolhomeEditor/status/1036641338719182849
Easiest deal in history. They need us. German car makers.
https://google.co.uk/search?q=luke+akehurst&oq=luke+akeh&aqs=chrome.0.0j69i57j0l4.2430j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
In the past there have been sub 20% turnouts for NEC elections
Congratulations
Its FAKE NEWS that Willsman is an Anti Semite BTW
Are you happy supporting an anti-Semite bigot?
https://twitter.com/TheMendozaWoman/status/1036646419015368705
Obviously the incumbents will be sit also in tomorrow's NEC along with Izzard
What matters is how they are dealt with - do they get expelled, or do they get elected to the NEC?
At the moment though, Boris is not leader of the Conservatives, and while the Conservatives have problems with UKIP entryists, (who are probably racist), it has nothing like the problem that Labour has with Anti-Semitism from Momentum. As I am still a member of the Conservative Party I will do all I can do to ensure that Boris does not become leader. If it does I suspect there will be a number of Tory MPs resigning the Whip
Sad really
You voted against Lab. at GE 2017
Its nothing to do with you
What about potential Labour voters?
What is "sad" is that a once great party ( I am not a supporter but can recognise them as such) has been taken over by a bunch of fruitcakes who idolise a man who is clearly not just not very bright but who also shows the ultimate in human stupidity; racist prejudice.
I remember when Lab (Tory Lite War Mongering Party) polled 8.6m votes in 2010
and I remember when Lab (for the many not the few) polled 12.8m in 2017
Yet you appear to think a return to Rascist Anti Arab Tory Lite war mongering party is the way forward.
Fortunately your FAKE NEWS cannot stop the fact that Change that is coming
Love BJO
DH went the opposite way
DH is irrelevant
https://twitter.com/paulmasonnews/status/1036651865642082308
Launching soon.
Tory Momentum?