politicalbetting.com » Blog Archive » The winners under First Past The Post should rigidly adhere to election spending laws
The chart above is self-explanatory and illustrates clearly how well the electoral system treated the Tories at the last election and how hard it was on the smaller parties particularly UKIP.
It is apparent that all of our political parties regard inconvenient laws as something to be circumvented. If they want to be treated with respect, politicians should do as the rest of us are expected to do and obey the law.
If they think the laws are stupid, they should campaign accordingly, not seek to pull the wool over the eyes of the rest of us.
FWIW, I don't think overspending is as big a vice as the various other forms of fraudulent behaviour that pollute elections today. Impersonation is rife, the electoral roll is beyond a joke and the postal vote system is still a mechanism designed to allow the better organised parties to steal the result. Money merely facilitates those activities more easily, it doesn't create the circumstances in which they take place.
It would be nice to think that parties could put aside narrow self-interest to agree a post-Brexit constitutional convention in which all these issues, and many more, are discussed maturely. But it won't happen.
Mike or @rcs1000 etc could it be fixed so that writing a message and then pressing tab doesn't go to Sign Out rather than Post Comment? Very frustrating.
Which is thought to be the more important in winning elections these days - the Air War or the Ground War? That might have a bearing on the (perceived?) problems of over-expenditure.
Which is thought to be the more important in winning elections these days - the Air War or the Ground War? That might have a bearing on the (perceived?) problems of over-expenditure.
Neither, targeting (and profiling) the voters is the holy grail these days.
The most elegant solution I've seen suggested on spending limit is to have a national total and it is up to the parties on how and where they spend it.
Constituency spending limits are an anachronism in the digital and quasi Presidential age.
It would be nice to think that parties could put aside narrow self-interest to agree a post-Brexit constitutional convention in which all these issues, and many more, are discussed maturely. But it won't happen.
When Blair won his 179 maj in 1997 .He should have kept his promise to Roy Jenkins and introduce a new voting system namely PR.At that time it would have been seen as an honourable thing to do,not out of self interest after getting such a majority on 43%.
Which is thought to be the more important in winning elections these days - the Air War or the Ground War? That might have a bearing on the (perceived?) problems of over-expenditure.
You have to have a superb ground game. IOS kept telling us how good the labour ground game was and he was proved absolutely ....... Errr... Wrong
I am Very much more concerned in regard to voter fraud than a few quid over the top but rules is rules and they should be followed I guess.
What would the graphs look like during Tony "I'm just a straight kind of guy" Blairs landslides.?
It is apparent that all of our political parties regard inconvenient laws as something to be circumvented. If they want to be treated with respect, politicians should do as the rest of us are expected to do and obey the law.
If they think the laws are stupid, they should campaign accordingly, not seek to pull the wool over the eyes of the rest of us.
True. The current campaign spending laws were archaic a way back; they are now ridiculous (and demonstrably held in contempt by the major parties). That they should continue to break the law on a regular basis rather than reforming it is strange.
Required reading for anyone who thinks we'd be better off if the government was more 'in control' of immigration. 6 years of Theresa May doesn't seem to have left the Home Office in any better shape than it was before.
It should also be illegal to publish literature which is factually incorrect e.g. "X can't win here".
It might be improbable that X will win, it might be that candidate Y or Mr Z believes that X can't win, but to make a statement which is provably untrue ought to be illegal.
Which is thought to be the more important in winning elections these days - the Air War or the Ground War? That might have a bearing on the (perceived?) problems of over-expenditure.
Neither, targeting (and profiling) the voters is the holy grail these days.
Do keep up, TSE. Big data was so last year. In these post-Brexit, post-Trumpian times, it is a flexible approach to the truth and personal abuse on Twitter that wins elections.
One of the best reflections of my own mindset that I have seen in the news. Helena Morrissey as reported in the Bellylaugh:
"We have had people before flexing their muscles, as it were, and saying they're out of here and then realising, actually, London is the place to be and we have a huge amount going for us that would be incredibly difficult to replicate anywhere else.
"We do have to have a different mindset, I think. We do have to embrace the opportunities, we have to look forwards, not at what we might have lost, and I think that's something that isn't quite there yet."
The Electoral Commission and legislators have been sleeping on the job on this, and lack of clarity helps nobody in the end.
The rules are built around fairly clear distinctions in spending - the battle bus and venue hire for the manifesto launch are national, the election address local etc. But modern campaigns, either deliberately or just because methods have changed, leave it very unclear. Is a letter from Cameron (at the time) to a voter in Torbay that doesn't mention the local candidate a local expense? I'd say yes because who else do you want the voter to support but the local Tory representative... but I appreciate there's at least some debate. And what of a battle bus ferrying large numbers of volunteers rather than the party leader and entourage? Or a targeted social media campaign focusing on employees of an employer which happens to be huge in Luton North?
Either the Electoral Commission needs to engage much more in what a modern election looks like and draw up very clear guidance (rather than the current "use your best honest judgement" nonsense), or they need to shift to a purely national limit with no distinction between spending categories in the campaign period, and a reasonably simple formula (£x multiplied by number of candidates, possibly plus y pence multiplied by votes at last election, for example).
Fake "newspapers" should be illegal and election publications should state clearly in large font at the top and bottom of each page which party the election literature is for.
The Electoral Commission and legislators have been sleeping on the job on this, and lack of clarity helps nobody in the end.
The rules are built around fairly clear distinctions in spending - the battle bus and venue hire for the manifesto launch are national, the election address local etc. But modern campaigns, either deliberately or just because methods have changed, leave it very unclear. Is a letter from Cameron (at the time) to a voter in Torbay that doesn't mention the local candidate a local expense? I'd say yes because who else do you want the voter to support but the local Tory representative... but I appreciate there's at least some debate. And what of a battle bus ferrying large numbers of volunteers rather than the party leader and entourage? Or a targeted social media campaign focusing on employees of an employer which happens to be huge in Luton North?
Either the Electoral Commission needs to engage much more in what a modern election looks like and draw up very clear guidance (rather than the current "use your best honest judgement" nonsense), or they need to shift to a purely national limit with no distinction between spending categories in the campaign period, and a reasonably simple formula (£x multiplied by number of candidates, possibly plus y pence multiplied by votes at last election, for example).
The Electoral Commission also needs to get a grip on social media, perhaps by applying a notional cost to a tweet. If we are to have restrictions on what can be broadcast, they must be extended to Youtube, and so on.
The most elegant solution I've seen suggested on spending limit is to have a national total and it is up to the parties on how and where they spend it.
Constituency spending limits are an anachronism in the digital and quasi Presidential age.
Massively increasing the major parties' edge over the rest, because they could concentrate everythin on the marginals. What are the advantages of that?
The Electoral Commission and legislators have been sleeping on the job on this, and lack of clarity helps nobody in the end.
The rules are built around fairly clear distinctions in spending - the battle bus and venue hire for the manifesto launch are national, the election address local etc. But modern campaigns, either deliberately or just because methods have changed, leave it very unclear. Is a letter from Cameron (at the time) to a voter in Torbay that doesn't mention the local candidate a local expense? I'd say yes because who else do you want the voter to support but the local Tory representative... but I appreciate there's at least some debate. And what of a battle bus ferrying large numbers of volunteers rather than the party leader and entourage? Or a targeted social media campaign focusing on employees of an employer which happens to be huge in Luton North?
Either the Electoral Commission needs to engage much more in what a modern election looks like and draw up very clear guidance (rather than the current "use your best honest judgement" nonsense), or they need to shift to a purely national limit with no distinction between spending categories in the campaign period, and a reasonably simple formula (£x multiplied by number of candidates, possibly plus y pence multiplied by votes at last election, for example).
Targeted social media campaigns are surely quite cheap to run. Might be labour intensive in harvesting the accounts, but it’s not as though a group of people have to sit there night after night pressing buttons.
The most elegant solution I've seen suggested on spending limit is to have a national total and it is up to the parties on how and where they spend it.
Constituency spending limits are an anachronism in the digital and quasi Presidential age.
Massively increasing the major parties' edge over the rest, because they could concentrate everythin on the marginals. What are the advantages of that?
Because the current rules have huge flaws with them.
How do you define "free resources"? If wealthy or just keen activists campaign in an "away" constituency and don't charge for their travel or subsistence, surely as much is being spent on the campaign by the individual as it would if they were being paid expenses by the party. Similarly, if I go canvassing, any petrol I use and my lunch should be reckoned a contribution to the campaign, whether it's incurred personally by me or reimbursed by the party
"The Electoral Commission also needs to get a grip on social media, perhaps by applying a notional cost to a tweet. If we are to have restrictions on what can be broadcast, they must be extended to Youtube, and so on."
I don't agree with this, John. Ultimately, the point of the expenses limit is to avoid elections being won by deep pockets.
If you tweet something reach isn't really a function of pocket depth (aside from promoted posts which have an actual cost - notional cost isn't the point here). So if a party organises supporters to post X on private accounts, then I don't see this as very different from getting canvassers or delivers out working.
The analogy with broadcast isn't sound either. The broadcast restrictions are because there was a wish (rightly or wrongly) to allow a space in which the public could be reasonably confident there is a semblance of balance and parity of coverage. I know some on here disagree it's achieved... but I do think voters watch TV and listen to radio expecting some balance in election coverage, whereas they don't (and nor should they) in the press, or on YouTube, or on bits of paper stuffed through their letterbox.
Required reading for anyone who thinks we'd be better off if the government was more 'in control' of immigration. 6 years of Theresa May doesn't seem to have left the Home Office in any better shape than it was before.
How do you define "free resources"? If wealthy or just keen activists campaign in an "away" constituency and don't charge for their travel or subsistence, surely as much is being spent on the campaign by the individual as it would if they were being paid expenses by the party. Similarly, if I go canvassing, any petrol I use and my lunch should be reckoned a contribution to the campaign, whether it's incurred personally by me or reimbursed by the party
Would that not be a rather harsh restriction on freedom of expression ?
The more you dig into that 'report' the more laughable it becomes. They claim we will save over £150m from getting rid of the eco-design directive for TVs.
6 months on and we're nowhere nearer a cogent plan.
Didn't get past "the UK has full control over [...] whether the rebate is retained in future" as that is simply untrue.
In the strict legal sense it is absolutely true. Unanimity is required. Whether or not we consider it in our interests to trade it away for something is entirely a matter for the government.
"First past the post is past its sell by date." says Jonathan
Was it a problem when FPP worked in Labours party Jon?
How about vote fraud, why does Labour have a problem with a clamp down?
It is not the clamp down on vote fraud that is the problem -- after all, it is often the Labour Party which is the victim, as in Tower Hamlets -- but that it is being used as cover for voter suppression.
A national spending limit based on number of candidates would encourage small parties to stand paper candidates, then focus all their money into a handful of constituencies. Not necessarily a bad thing, but it would happen.
"First past the post is past its sell by date." says Jonathan
Was it a problem when FPP worked in Labours party Jon?
How about vote fraud, why does Labour have a problem with a clamp down?
It is not the clamp down on vote fraud that is the problem -- after all, it is often the Labour Party which is the victim, as in Tower Hamlets -- but that it is being used as cover for voter suppression.
Some evidence for that assertion would be helpful.
Personally, I don't see the need for showing ID in order to vote, but the postal voting system needs a clampdown and the outlawing of parties' activists handling postal votes is long overdue.
"First past the post is past its sell by date." says Jonathan
Was it a problem when FPP worked in Labours party Jon?
How about vote fraud, why does Labour have a problem with a clamp down?
It is not the clamp down on vote fraud that is the problem -- after all, it is often the Labour Party which is the victim, as in Tower Hamlets -- but that it is being used as cover for voter suppression.
Some evidence for that assertion would be helpful.
Personally, I don't see the need for showing ID in order to vote, but the postal voting system needs a clampdown and the outlawing of parties' activists handling postal votes is long overdue.
Assange has been shilling for the the lads at Yasenevo for ages.
To top that, he is a thoroughly unpleasant individual who deserves to be disposed off in a set of black bags.
That an average member of the public like me could identify his links before the media brought it out to full effect tells you just how obvious it was.
If my hybrid of FPTP and PR (?) was adopted where the number of constituencies was cut to 600, but the other 50 seats were represented by 1 MP for each 2% of the national vote gained, the HofC would have looked like this after the 2015 GE
Con 323 (330) Lab 230 (232) SNP 54 (56) LD 12 (8) UKIP 8 (1) Green 3 (1)
A bit fairer I would have thought... and Dave would still be PM with Nick as Dep!
"First past the post is past its sell by date." says Jonathan
Was it a problem when FPP worked in Labours party Jon?
How about vote fraud, why does Labour have a problem with a clamp down?
It is not the clamp down on vote fraud that is the problem -- after all, it is often the Labour Party which is the victim, as in Tower Hamlets -- but that it is being used as cover for voter suppression.
Some evidence for that assertion would be helpful.
Personally, I don't see the need for showing ID in order to vote, but the postal voting system needs a clampdown and the outlawing of parties' activists handling postal votes is long overdue.
Activists being anywhere near postal votes needs to be eliminated completely. It's clearly a problem in certain "communities" and needs to be dealt with very harshly.
On topic, isn't it a shame that democracy is twisted and spun by power hungry fakes? Its the only way Blair won, and the same goes for Cameron. I hate that when people say "that's politics" they mean it to describe something shifty and underhand, rather than something good and honest.
@ DavidL "Meh. I would abolish spending limits for elections altogether."
I misread that as "I would abolish elections altogether" and thought "How Trumpian of you."
After the absolute embarrassment this year (crap candidates, crap debates and an absurd result where the loser won and the winner lost, not to mention the incompetence of the count) I would not be surprised if even the land of the elected dog catcher had not had enough of elections for a while.
But our present rules are arcane, complex and largely pointless. They have allowed the incompetent buffoons in the Electoral Commission to stay off the unemployment register where they belong but it is hard to see any other benefits.
"First past the post is past its sell by date." says Jonathan
Was it a problem when FPP worked in Labours party Jon?
How about vote fraud, why does Labour have a problem with a clamp down?
It is not the clamp down on vote fraud that is the problem -- after all, it is often the Labour Party which is the victim, as in Tower Hamlets -- but that it is being used as cover for voter suppression.
Some evidence for that assertion would be helpful.
Personally, I don't see the need for showing ID in order to vote, but the postal voting system needs a clampdown and the outlawing of parties' activists handling postal votes is long overdue.
There is far too much heat and not enough light when the mechanics of voting - yet alone the voting system - is discussed. Much of the heat is ill-informed, if only because there is very little evidence either way.
Take postal voting: yes, there have been a few court cases about fraud, and occasionally organised fraud, but little evidence that there has been frequent mass fraud on a scale likely to change the result of an election (*), and especially in a GE.
So we need evidence before we make policy. Perform as much research as can be done whilst maintaining voter privacy and anonymity (and that is a big problem for research). Random checks of PV signatures might be one system, especially where fraud is suspected or likely.
Human error leading to technical failure or just a plain tech issue based on all reports but there is still mystery.
Early reports of the flash in the sky are said to be discounted.
The recent Russian plane crash, yes. Looks like they pulled up the flaps instead of the gear. Schoolboy error.
From all the other recent discussion of fake news, it sounds like the BBC is now reporting what some random Russian blog says about the plane crash, from only an hour or two after it was reported that a flight recorder was recovered from the scene.
Greenwald and Guardian falling out over their idol / former idol...quite amusing really.
I bet their are some cracking quotes from the Guardianistas of this world on how brilliant Assange is...dating back to when he was helping to dump a tonne of shit over Bush led US.
On topic, isn't it a shame that democracy is twisted and spun by power hungry fakes? Its the only way Blair won, and the same goes for Cameron. I hate that when people say "that's politics" they mean it to describe something shifty and underhand, rather than something good and honest.
It would be nice if the voters rewarded good and honest behaviour, but I won't be holding my breath.
Where were the 130 allegations? Widespread or concentrated?
It's in white working class areas. Fu8ing racist piece of shits....Is that what you wanted to know?
Enter the one word "personation" in google search and look at the suggested completions.
"Personation meaning in Hindi" "Personation meaning in Urdu" From google.co.uk with a cleared cache.
I think they track by IP, so cache doesn't matter.
I'm not in UK, never otherwise use Google UK and have a dynamic IP on home internet connection. Don't see why result isn't genuine and have heard of similar results before.
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
Which just goes to illustrate why we voted to leave, before we became so far integrated into this United States of Europe that it would be impossible to get out.
Where were the 130 allegations? Widespread or concentrated?
It's in white working class areas. Fu8ing racist piece of shits....Is that what you wanted to know?
Enter the one word "personation" in google search and look at the suggested completions.
"Personation meaning in Hindi" "Personation meaning in Urdu" From google.co.uk with a cleared cache.
I think they track by IP, so cache doesn't matter.
I'm not in UK, never otherwise use Google UK and have a dynamic IP on home internet connection. Don't see why result isn't genuine and have heard of similar results before.
Yeah I wasn't looking to disagree with you. The point about IP tracking still stands, so clearing cache isn't that important.
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
"Civil service disquiet"? You mean the leader of the civil service union, surely?
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
The government knows its market. We the populus can't handle the truth complexities of trade deal negotiations.
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
But..but...but .....Ted Heath described this as a simple little thing, nothing more than a common market .....so nothing to worry our pretty little "peasant heads" about.
Someone either then or along the way has been telling some huge porkies
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
But..but...but .....Ted Heath described this as a simple little thing, nothing more than a common market .....so nothing to worry our pretty little "peasant heads" about.
Someone either then or along the way has been telling some huge porkies
Buying a house is a fairly straightforward process. Millions of examples. Have you ever once looked at the contract you have "exchanged"? Plenty complex, takes an immense amount of time, even when it's supposed to be standard, and is frought with disagreement over the detail.
And we will need to draw up these from scratch in thousands upon thousands of instances.
Comments
It is apparent that all of our political parties regard inconvenient laws as something to be circumvented. If they want to be treated with respect, politicians should do as the rest of us are expected to do and obey the law.
If they think the laws are stupid, they should campaign accordingly, not seek to pull the wool over the eyes of the rest of us.
And welcome back old bean!
Constituency spending limits are an anachronism in the digital and quasi Presidential age.
Augustus, Lord of Carp, it hasn't been that long. Welcome back.
I am Very much more concerned in regard to voter fraud than a few quid over the top but rules is rules and they should be followed I guess.
What would the graphs look like during Tony "I'm just a straight kind of guy" Blairs landslides.?
Campaign spending limits are past their sell by date
***
Why not just put the Government up for sale to the highest bidder? And/or criminalise poverty? (This also applies to David L's comment)
The current campaign spending laws were archaic a way back; they are now ridiculous (and demonstrably held in contempt by the major parties). That they should continue to break the law on a regular basis rather than reforming it is strange.
Bradley retires
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/othersports/article-4070910/Sir-Bradley-Wiggins-retires-cycling-20-year-career-saw-win-five-Olympic-gold-medals.html
I misread that as "I would abolish elections altogether" and thought "How Trumpian of you."
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/28/dutch-woman-with-two-british-children-told-to-leave-uk-after-24-years?CMP=fb_gu
https://twitter.com/ggreenwald/status/814082598477631488
It might be improbable that X will win, it might be that candidate Y or Mr Z believes that X can't win, but to make a statement which is provably untrue ought to be illegal.
"We have had people before flexing their muscles, as it were, and saying they're out of here and then realising, actually, London is the place to be and we have a huge amount going for us that would be incredibly difficult to replicate anywhere else.
"We do have to have a different mindset, I think. We do have to embrace the opportunities, we have to look forwards, not at what we might have lost, and I think that's something that isn't quite there yet."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/12/28/business-chiefs-back-staying-post-brexit-britain/
The rules are built around fairly clear distinctions in spending - the battle bus and venue hire for the manifesto launch are national, the election address local etc. But modern campaigns, either deliberately or just because methods have changed, leave it very unclear. Is a letter from Cameron (at the time) to a voter in Torbay that doesn't mention the local candidate a local expense? I'd say yes because who else do you want the voter to support but the local Tory representative... but I appreciate there's at least some debate. And what of a battle bus ferrying large numbers of volunteers rather than the party leader and entourage? Or a targeted social media campaign focusing on employees of an employer which happens to be huge in Luton North?
Either the Electoral Commission needs to engage much more in what a modern election looks like and draw up very clear guidance (rather than the current "use your best honest judgement" nonsense), or they need to shift to a purely national limit with no distinction between spending categories in the campaign period, and a reasonably simple formula (£x multiplied by number of candidates, possibly plus y pence multiplied by votes at last election, for example).
Mr. Quidder, hard to believe Blair partook in constitutional buggery.
Early reports of the flash in the sky are said to be discounted.
Labour as well as the tories also found guilty of breaches of the spending rules.
The Lib Dem fines were for not declaring all the costs on the original returns on time, not for breaching the spending limits.
Was it a problem when FPP worked in Labours party Jon?
How about vote fraud, why does Labour have a problem with a clamp down?
I don't agree with this, John. Ultimately, the point of the expenses limit is to avoid elections being won by deep pockets.
If you tweet something reach isn't really a function of pocket depth (aside from promoted posts which have an actual cost - notional cost isn't the point here). So if a party organises supporters to post X on private accounts, then I don't see this as very different from getting canvassers or delivers out working.
The analogy with broadcast isn't sound either. The broadcast restrictions are because there was a wish (rightly or wrongly) to allow a space in which the public could be reasonably confident there is a semblance of balance and parity of coverage. I know some on here disagree it's achieved... but I do think voters watch TV and listen to radio expecting some balance in election coverage, whereas they don't (and nor should they) in the press, or on YouTube, or on bits of paper stuffed through their letterbox.
The US has gone too far in the other direction - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v._FEC - but there is a happy medium between the extremes, and I think we're closer to it than they are.
http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.co.uk/2016/12/hard-brexit-benefits-change-britains-24.html?m=1
6 months on and we're nowhere nearer a cogent plan.
http://ec.europa.eu/budget/mff/introduction/index_en.cfm
Netanunu losing his marbles.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/26/netanyahu-snubs-may-over-un-settlements-vote-israeli-media-says
Soon he will have to snub everyone apart from Trump.
Your post about Assange is beyond the pale.
"he is a thoroughly unpleasant individual who deserves to be disposed off of in a set of black bags"
Seriously though, suggesting people deserve to be murdered is throughly unpleasant.
Personally, I don't see the need for showing ID in order to vote, but the postal voting system needs a clampdown and the outlawing of parties' activists handling postal votes is long overdue.
Con 323 (330)
Lab 230 (232)
SNP 54 (56)
LD 12 (8)
UKIP 8 (1)
Green 3 (1)
A bit fairer I would have thought... and Dave would still be PM with Nick as Dep!
But our present rules are arcane, complex and largely pointless. They have allowed the incompetent buffoons in the Electoral Commission to stay off the unemployment register where they belong but it is hard to see any other benefits.
Take postal voting: yes, there have been a few court cases about fraud, and occasionally organised fraud, but little evidence that there has been frequent mass fraud on a scale likely to change the result of an election (*), and especially in a GE.
So we need evidence before we make policy. Perform as much research as can be done whilst maintaining voter privacy and anonymity (and that is a big problem for research). Random checks of PV signatures might be one system, especially where fraud is suspected or likely.
(*) The following is an example where it may well have:
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/councillors-guilty-of-postal-votes-fraud-that-would-shame-a-banana-republic-5350422.html
Genuine pilots' forum seems to be waiting for real news.
http://www.pprune.org/rumours-news/588730-tu154-out-sochi-missing-9.html
Could be a big problem, could be a tiny one.
I bet their are some cracking quotes from the Guardianistas of this world on how brilliant Assange is...dating back to when he was helping to dump a tonne of shit over Bush led US.
"Personation meaning in Urdu"
From google.co.uk with a cleared cache.
Good evening, everyone.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-38450840
"Ministers lack the political courage to admit how complex and time-consuming this will be.
"When anyone pops their head above the parapet - former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government - and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people."
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1596032/vote-rigging-in-muslim-communities-goes-unchallenged-because-pc-police-are-scared-of-causing-offence/
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/11/election-fraud-allowed-to-take-place-in-muslim-communities-becau/ Nope; only discovered that yesterday when I wanted to check I had the right word. Are you getting a different result?
The Electoral Commission seems happy to go on the record about this: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-2015/11373206/Ballot-rigging-risk-in-Pakistani-and-Bangladeshi-communities.html
truthcomplexities of trade deal negotiations.Someone either then or along the way has been telling some huge porkies
And we will need to draw up these from scratch in thousands upon thousands of instances.