The deepfake stuff has been coming for years. I think it will be utilised more ruthlessly by right wing campaigns/parties than left wing parties.
Sufficiently convincing fake audio has been a thing for as long as we've had recordings. Think of Jon Culshaw pranking the No 10 switchboard. Or Chris Morris almost persuading a right wing tabloid that he had a recording of Neil Kinnock abusing hotel staff. (He'd have got away with it if he hadn't claimed to have a second recording of Kinnock saying to Nerys Hughes "forget Paddy Pantsdown, I'm Neil Kingcock.")
And the protections are what they've always been. Boring things. Shunning those who transmit lies. Trying to truthful ourselves. Not leaping on something just because we want it to be true.
Yes, and if you wanted to hire Culshaw, you'd need to pay £xxxx an hour, go through his agent, and have an approved script. Good luck getting him to read Mein Kampf (4chan deepfaked Emma Watson reading it in its entirety, before it got pulled off youtube for obvious reasons)
If I have a sufficiently clean 60 second recording of anyone - say, if they've left me a voicemail, or a voicenote, or I can just rip their voice from Youtube, I can create a completely compelling deepfake VO in seconds. Tutorials are all out there on the interwebs, for anyone who wants to look it up.
But it isn't political deepfakes we have to watch out for, what the majority of people are doing with this stuff is putting dead relatives into it so they can talk to them. Combine it with a LoRA trained on their writing, social media, etc, you can have a pretty good your-dead-nan-chatbot (or ex-girlfriend, or whatever). Someone on reddit recently made one based on their dead friend, based just on the messages from their whatsapp group chat.
I've tried it myself, briefly, and found the results quite upsetting. Like listening to a once fond friend, now buried in a tin can. I quickly switched it off. But other people get quite addicted to these digital avatars, and bad news is, we probably all have a big enough digital footprint so someone can remake one of us. Trapped in a tin can forever.
I am reminded of The Dixie Flatline in Neuromancer: "Do me a favor, boy. When this scam of yours is over, erase this goddamn thing."
The thinking of Hamas/Iran probably went something like this...
(1) Massive attack on Israel, with utterly disgusting brutal atrocities - to be widely broadcast on social media (2) Provoke the fury and wrath of Israel, to wipe out Gaza - again, capture the worst bits; broadcast it all (3) Trigger a wider Middle East conflagration in disgust, and ally with everyone to wipe out Israel (4) Be rewarded in this life or the next, as holy martyrs, for wiping the Jews and their state
So, it's not dissimilar to the thinking of White Supremacists who want to provoke a race war that, ultimately, will work out in their favour.
[Btw, I don't think (3) would happen regardless, but Netanyahu needs to be careful not to fall into a trap on (2)]
I think you're spot on. Netanyahu has big problems, though: 1. He is in coalition with far-right ethno-nationalists who believe they know better than the IDF 2. He is in that coalition solely because he needed to power to prevent criminal investigation of himself 3. The combination of 1 and 2 means that he totally took his eye off the national security ball
Put all of that together and there is a very good chance that he now reacts in exactly the way that Hamas/Iran want.
Yes, indeed. It's concerning.
Of course, they know all this too (Hamas/Iran aren't stupid) which is why they struck as hard as they did when they did.
Yep - I think the huge protests against the Netanyahu government inside Israel would also have spooked them. They need him in power.
If there were any justice in this world (ha!) Netanyahu would be out on his ear. For months he has been trying to attack the judiciary, arrogate more power to himself, protect himself from legal proceedings and appease extreme nationalist parties. It has led to huge demonstrations against him and some reservists threatening not to serve in the IDF. Whether and to what extent all of this resulted in the Israeli government failing in its duty to keep Israel secure we won't find out for a while, maybe never.
Thing is you can try to dismantle the organs of a liberal democratic state and you will get objections from all sorts but what you do may well be tolerated by many if you provide safety and security in return. But if you cannot do that - as the Netanyahu government has plainly failed to do - why tolerate everything else?
For now those reservists will fight to defend their country, to defend people from being slaughtered in their homes, at bus stops, from girls being kidnapped, raped, killed, their bodies desecrated. But after?
Recent Israeli governments have become more and more horrible and so, while I want Israel to exist and be safe it has become, increasingly hard to support the policies of its government which provide no security and are becoming increasingly undemocratic and illiberal. Israel under Netanyahu has become more and more like the Arab states it claims to be better than. Those Israelis wanting a liberal Democratic Western-style Israel have sometimes looked like the remnants of an older better - but dying - Israel.
But what we have seen of Islamic terrorism in Israel and everywhere it has happened in recent decades and the resurgence of Western anti-semitism under the guise of anti-colonialism has reduced my sympathy for the causes they claim to be fighting for to somewhere near zero. The Palestinians - and Arabs generally - have picked and supported the most appalling causes and leaders. I can feel sorrow and sympathy for innocent individuals in Israel and Gaza being terrorised and tortured and suffering. I feel nothing but contempt for those whose reaction to seeing films of old people gunned down at bus stops and girls being raped is to go out onto the streets of London and celebrate.
100% agree
Unfortunately Islamic militant radicalism needs to be cauterised. I increasingly see no alternative.
I disagree with the idea of pushing Palestinians out of Gaza - although Netanyahu may try it (If he does I hope the West will stop him). But we need to find a way to win the hearts and minds of the people of Gaza.
But first there needs to be regime change. By its actions Hamas has made itself illegitimate as a government.
Hamas are the government of Gaza. Not in a legitimate way by international standards, but they are. How do we make regime change happen? Israel will need a military invasion of Gaza with all that entails. Refugees would try and flee but I assume that Egypt will keep its own border shut.
One of the most densly populated areas in the world, radicalised and armed to the teeth, vs one of the most effective (brutal) militaries in the world. It will be a bloodbath, and doesn't offer a guarantee that Hamas will be removed.
So many of the arab states in the area now want peace deals and links with Israel. So it is time that one of them steps up and finally absorbs the so-called refugee camps. Its absurd that this has been allowed to drag on for nearly a century.
Didn’t Hamas win the last election in Gaza? I don’t think (but am willing to be persuaded) that the election was much, if any, more corrupt than, say, many in the USA.
Hamas won the last Palestinian Authority elections in 2006. There was then a battle for control with Fatah and Hamas expelled everyone else from Gaza in 2007.
There haven't been any elections since...
Thanks. The election itself wasn’t too bad IIRC. The aftermath, however…….. However given the gerrymandering which has gone on here since 2019, perhaps we’d better not be too critical.
WTAF
Words fucking fail me sometimes.
You are an enabler of the horror we have see in Israel.
Pity words hadn't fucking failed you before that load of faux outraged pish.
Thanks. I have no time for Hamas’ actions, or for Netanyahu’s. Or for the abuse of civilians. Or, come to that for the use of the f word, whether written or in speech.
But you believe that the UK government is as bad as Hamas.
Go with your good self.
EH? OKC didn't say that. He did note, in the specific context of elections, that the current ongoing degradation of the electoral system in the UK isn't great if the UK wants to seem a moral arbiter in re democracy worldwide. That's quite different from what you infer. (TBF, the thread has drifted its theme from the OP.)
Lots more disturbing images from Israel circulating today
I'll link to just one, which is not disturbing, more astonishing. Topically, it looks fake, but it is apparently real: it shows the Hamas terrorists arriving by paraglider
The thinking of Hamas/Iran probably went something like this...
(1) Massive attack on Israel, with utterly disgusting brutal atrocities - to be widely broadcast on social media (2) Provoke the fury and wrath of Israel, to wipe out Gaza - again, capture the worst bits; broadcast it all (3) Trigger a wider Middle East conflagration in disgust, and ally with everyone to wipe out Israel (4) Be rewarded in this life or the next, as holy martyrs, for wiping the Jews and their state
So, it's not dissimilar to the thinking of White Supremacists who want to provoke a race war that, ultimately, will work out in their favour.
[Btw, I don't think (3) would happen regardless, but Netanyahu needs to be careful not to fall into a trap on (2)]
I think you're spot on. Netanyahu has big problems, though: 1. He is in coalition with far-right ethno-nationalists who believe they know better than the IDF 2. He is in that coalition solely because he needed to power to prevent criminal investigation of himself 3. The combination of 1 and 2 means that he totally took his eye off the national security ball
Put all of that together and there is a very good chance that he now reacts in exactly the way that Hamas/Iran want.
Yes, indeed. It's concerning.
Of course, they know all this too (Hamas/Iran aren't stupid) which is why they struck as hard as they did when they did.
Yep - I think the huge protests against the Netanyahu government inside Israel would also have spooked them. They need him in power.
If there were any justice in this world (ha!) Netanyahu would be out on his ear. For months he has been trying to attack the judiciary, arrogate more power to himself, protect himself from legal proceedings and appease extreme nationalist parties. It has led to huge demonstrations against him and some reservists threatening not to serve in the IDF. Whether and to what extent all of this resulted in the Israeli government failing in its duty to keep Israel secure we won't find out for a while, maybe never.
Thing is you can try to dismantle the organs of a liberal democratic state and you will get objections from all sorts but what you do may well be tolerated by many if you provide safety and security in return. But if you cannot do that - as the Netanyahu government has plainly failed to do - why tolerate everything else?
For now those reservists will fight to defend their country, to defend people from being slaughtered in their homes, at bus stops, from girls being kidnapped, raped, killed, their bodies desecrated. But after?
Recent Israeli governments have become more and more horrible and so, while I want Israel to exist and be safe it has become, increasingly hard to support the policies of its government which provide no security and are becoming increasingly undemocratic and illiberal. Israel under Netanyahu has become more and more like the Arab states it claims to be better than. Those Israelis wanting a liberal Democratic Western-style Israel have sometimes looked like the remnants of an older better - but dying - Israel.
But what we have seen of Islamic terrorism in Israel and everywhere it has happened in recent decades and the resurgence of Western anti-semitism under the guise of anti-colonialism has reduced my sympathy for the causes they claim to be fighting for to somewhere near zero. The Palestinians - and Arabs generally - have picked and supported the most appalling causes and leaders. I can feel sorrow and sympathy for innocent individuals in Israel and Gaza being terrorised and tortured and suffering. I feel nothing but contempt for those whose reaction to seeing films of old people gunned down at bus stops and girls being raped is to go out onto the streets of London and celebrate.
100% agree
Unfortunately Islamic militant radicalism needs to be cauterised. I increasingly see no alternative.
I disagree with the idea of pushing Palestinians out of Gaza - although Netanyahu may try it (If he does I hope the West will stop him). But we need to find a way to win the hearts and minds of the people of Gaza.
But first there needs to be regime change. By its actions Hamas has made itself illegitimate as a government.
Hamas are the government of Gaza. Not in a legitimate way by international standards, but they are. How do we make regime change happen? Israel will need a military invasion of Gaza with all that entails. Refugees would try and flee but I assume that Egypt will keep its own border shut.
One of the most densly populated areas in the world, radicalised and armed to the teeth, vs one of the most effective (brutal) militaries in the world. It will be a bloodbath, and doesn't offer a guarantee that Hamas will be removed.
So many of the arab states in the area now want peace deals and links with Israel. So it is time that one of them steps up and finally absorbs the so-called refugee camps. Its absurd that this has been allowed to drag on for nearly a century.
Didn’t Hamas win the last election in Gaza? I don’t think (but am willing to be persuaded) that the election was much, if any, more corrupt than, say, many in the USA.
Hamas won the last Palestinian Authority elections in 2006. There was then a battle for control with Fatah and Hamas expelled everyone else from Gaza in 2007.
There haven't been any elections since...
Thanks. The election itself wasn’t too bad IIRC. The aftermath, however…….. However given the gerrymandering which has gone on here since 2019, perhaps we’d better not be too critical.
WTAF
Words fucking fail me sometimes.
You are an enabler of the horror we have see in Israel.
Pity words hadn't fucking failed you before that load of faux outraged pish.
Thanks. I have no time for Hamas’ actions, or for Netanyahu’s. Or for the abuse of civilians. Or, come to that for the use of the f word, whether written or in speech.
But you believe that the UK government is as bad as Hamas.
Go with your good self.
EH? OKC didn't say that. He did note, in the specific context of elections, that the current ongoing degradation of the electoral system in the UK isn't great if the UK wants to seem a moral arbiter in re democracy worldwide. That's quite different from what you infer. (TBF, the thread has drifted its theme from the OP.)
It's a bit of a leap from the changes to UK elections are not good to not being in a position to make any criticisms of democratic structures elsewhere. I'm no fan of the voter ID changes but their presence is not so egregious we could not, for instance, call out Russian elections for example.
There has to be some perspective, not just that any meddling is as bad as anyone elses. Not all sins are equal.
The thinking of Hamas/Iran probably went something like this...
(1) Massive attack on Israel, with utterly disgusting brutal atrocities - to be widely broadcast on social media (2) Provoke the fury and wrath of Israel, to wipe out Gaza - again, capture the worst bits; broadcast it all (3) Trigger a wider Middle East conflagration in disgust, and ally with everyone to wipe out Israel (4) Be rewarded in this life or the next, as holy martyrs, for wiping the Jews and their state
So, it's not dissimilar to the thinking of White Supremacists who want to provoke a race war that, ultimately, will work out in their favour.
[Btw, I don't think (3) would happen regardless, but Netanyahu needs to be careful not to fall into a trap on (2)]
I think you're spot on. Netanyahu has big problems, though: 1. He is in coalition with far-right ethno-nationalists who believe they know better than the IDF 2. He is in that coalition solely because he needed to power to prevent criminal investigation of himself 3. The combination of 1 and 2 means that he totally took his eye off the national security ball
Put all of that together and there is a very good chance that he now reacts in exactly the way that Hamas/Iran want.
Yes, indeed. It's concerning.
Of course, they know all this too (Hamas/Iran aren't stupid) which is why they struck as hard as they did when they did.
Yep - I think the huge protests against the Netanyahu government inside Israel would also have spooked them. They need him in power.
If there were any justice in this world (ha!) Netanyahu would be out on his ear. For months he has been trying to attack the judiciary, arrogate more power to himself, protect himself from legal proceedings and appease extreme nationalist parties. It has led to huge demonstrations against him and some reservists threatening not to serve in the IDF. Whether and to what extent all of this resulted in the Israeli government failing in its duty to keep Israel secure we won't find out for a while, maybe never.
Thing is you can try to dismantle the organs of a liberal democratic state and you will get objections from all sorts but what you do may well be tolerated by many if you provide safety and security in return. But if you cannot do that - as the Netanyahu government has plainly failed to do - why tolerate everything else?
For now those reservists will fight to defend their country, to defend people from being slaughtered in their homes, at bus stops, from girls being kidnapped, raped, killed, their bodies desecrated. But after?
Recent Israeli governments have become more and more horrible and so, while I want Israel to exist and be safe it has become, increasingly hard to support the policies of its government which provide no security and are becoming increasingly undemocratic and illiberal. Israel under Netanyahu has become more and more like the Arab states it claims to be better than. Those Israelis wanting a liberal Democratic Western-style Israel have sometimes looked like the remnants of an older better - but dying - Israel.
But what we have seen of Islamic terrorism in Israel and everywhere it has happened in recent decades and the resurgence of Western anti-semitism under the guise of anti-colonialism has reduced my sympathy for the causes they claim to be fighting for to somewhere near zero. The Palestinians - and Arabs generally - have picked and supported the most appalling causes and leaders. I can feel sorrow and sympathy for innocent individuals in Israel and Gaza being terrorised and tortured and suffering. I feel nothing but contempt for those whose reaction to seeing films of old people gunned down at bus stops and girls being raped is to go out onto the streets of London and celebrate.
100% agree
Unfortunately Islamic militant radicalism needs to be cauterised. I increasingly see no alternative.
I disagree with the idea of pushing Palestinians out of Gaza - although Netanyahu may try it (If he does I hope the West will stop him). But we need to find a way to win the hearts and minds of the people of Gaza.
But first there needs to be regime change. By its actions Hamas has made itself illegitimate as a government.
Hamas are the government of Gaza. Not in a legitimate way by international standards, but they are. How do we make regime change happen? Israel will need a military invasion of Gaza with all that entails. Refugees would try and flee but I assume that Egypt will keep its own border shut.
One of the most densly populated areas in the world, radicalised and armed to the teeth, vs one of the most effective (brutal) militaries in the world. It will be a bloodbath, and doesn't offer a guarantee that Hamas will be removed.
So many of the arab states in the area now want peace deals and links with Israel. So it is time that one of them steps up and finally absorbs the so-called refugee camps. Its absurd that this has been allowed to drag on for nearly a century.
Didn’t Hamas win the last election in Gaza? I don’t think (but am willing to be persuaded) that the election was much, if any, more corrupt than, say, many in the USA.
Hamas won the last Palestinian Authority elections in 2006. There was then a battle for control with Fatah and Hamas expelled everyone else from Gaza in 2007.
There haven't been any elections since...
Thanks. The election itself wasn’t too bad IIRC. The aftermath, however…….. However given the gerrymandering which has gone on here since 2019, perhaps we’d better not be too critical.
WTAF
Words fucking fail me sometimes.
You are an enabler of the horror we have see in Israel.
Pity words hadn't fucking failed you before that load of faux outraged pish.
Thanks. I have no time for Hamas’ actions, or for Netanyahu’s. Or for the abuse of civilians. Or, come to that for the use of the f word, whether written or in speech.
But you believe that the UK government is as bad as Hamas.
Go with your good self.
Not in practice I don’t. In principle I’m against all fiddling with elections, whoever does it.
Lots more disturbing images from Israel circulating today
I'll link to just one, which is not disturbing, more astonishing. Topically, it looks fake, but it is apparently real: it shows the Hamas terrorists arriving by paraglider
I can understand why people don't want to see - or have described - the reality of what rape - especially in wartime - looks like. It is deeply disturbing. It can easily stray into a sort of vile pornography or glorification.
But it is also necessary to understand the brutality of what happens and why there is the reaction there is.
Anyway I have seen and read enough. Like everyone else I too cannot bear so much reality. Social media is best avoided at times like these. And there is plenty of nicer stuff to be getting on with.
I was not dimishing the wickedness of the violence in any way. This isn't the Observer colour supplement, did we need such detail here? Maybe we did. But I would have preferred to look at more obvious sources should the need arise.
There is a case that by editing the news, it convinces people that the news is being “shaped”.
For example, on one of the Greek islands that was getting refugees landing there, to x hundred percent of the local population…. They started throwing stones at news crews. Why?
Well, whenever the locals were being interviewed by international news, the moment they started saying anything about the crime rate (fruit trees in orchards being stripped etc), it got cut from the report.
So the locals, who watched TV became convinced that the international media were “on the side of the migrants” and “against them”
I wouldn't advocate sanitising news.
I was merely offended at how graphic,and my interpretation as to why a poster on PB needed to be so graphic.
My bad.
The level of horror and violence of sexual violence is not I think fully understood. We shy away from it precisely because it is so horrible and out of a sense of decency and self-protection - some things once seen cannot be unseen or unheard.
The danger in doing that it is that it risks it being overlooked and the victims forgotten and it being seen as just one of those things that happen. I think there is a tendency for that to happen with all forms of sexual violence. Precisely because it is a perversion of something wonderful we cannot bear to learn what happens when it is used to harm.
I do not know what the right balance is. I only pray that those girls will come home alive and be given the help and care they need.
I'm not sure there is a right balance.
The extremes - total denial, or blatant violence porn - are obvious.
OK let's hash this out. This seems to be the comment of mine which got everyone flustered, and nearly gave @Mexicanpete a heart attack, the poor wee lamb
I was actually and simply copying and pasting a viral tweet. Here it is:
"Nothing says "I'm fighting colonial oppression" than kidnapping a German tourist, breaking her arms and legs, killing, stripping her corpse naked and parading it on the back of an open truck, spitting upon it while happily shouting "god is great"..."
Now, is that "blatant violence porn"? I don't think so. I reckon it is a bitterly powerful way of expressing precisely what happened to that poor girl, at the hands of those savages. It is not nice, but then what happened to her is really not nice. If PB-ers can't cope with this perhaps they shouldn't argue politics
OK, I confess, over the decades Israel and the Palestinians have both been bad, but Hamas's actions yesterday and today are abominable.
500 Israelis dead BTW
I still think there is a 20%+ Bibi will nuke Hamas' paymasters, Iran.
Every gleeful acto of hatred by Hamas makes that 20% rise.
Digital fingerprinting of meta data of audio-visual data is going to be a multi-billion dollar business.
Ken Macleod's near-future SF book 'The Night Sessions' features an Edinburgh polis and his robot spider sidekick. IIRC the polis by that time have to use actual handwritten notebooks, film cameras, audio tape, and so on - nothing digital, as it is so easy to fake. (Or am I muddling it with a Charles Stross novel?)
I have a copy of 'The Night Sessions' about three foot to the left of me (2008, ISBN 978-1-84149-648-1). Here are the bits you remember.
"...The rationale for this was the same as for paper notebooks, film cameras and, for that matter, police paperwork in general: it was harder to hack and harder still to crash. There had been a time when such things had happenef, when whole bodies of evidemce and terabytes of records had been corrupted by some ramdom script-monkey, or wiped altogether by an electromagnetic-pulse truck-bomb, its devastation unnoticed by passers-by until they checked their watch or phone or the song in their ears stopped. Not any more. hard copy. Get it down. that was the drill. Nothing less would stand up in court..." page 46
"...and in laborious parallel with pens and paper notebooks, legally required..." page 40
Digital fingerprinting of meta data of audio-visual data is going to be a multi-billion dollar business.
Ken Macleod's near-future SF book 'The Night Sessions' features an Edinburgh polis and his robot spider sidekick. IIRC the polis by that time have to use actual handwritten notebooks, film cameras, audio tape, and so on - nothing digital, as it is so easy to fake. (Or am I muddling it with a Charles Stross novel?)
I have a copy of 'The Night Sessions' about three foot to the left of me (2008, ISBN 978-1-84149-648-1). Here are the bits you remember.
"...The rationale for this was the same as for paper notebooks, film cameras and, for that matter, police paperwork in general: it was harder to hack and harder still to crash. There had been a time when such things had happenef, when whole bodies of evidemce and terabytes of records had been corrupted by some ramdom script-monkey, or wiped altogether by an electromagnetic-pulse truck-bomb, its devastation unnoticed by passers-by until they checked their watch or phone or the song in their ears stopped. Not any more. hard copy. Get it down. that was the drill. Nothing less would stand up in court..." page 46
"...and in laborious parallel with pens and paper notebooks, legally required..." page 40
Thank you (also for proving my memory isn't completely shot)!
O/t, is there any greater memento mori in the modern world than a message from FB reminding you that ‘It’s X’s birthday today, wish him all the best’ when they’ve been dead for 8 years?
I've had similar from Linkedin but for job anniversaries of departed friends...
Comments
If I have a sufficiently clean 60 second recording of anyone - say, if they've left me a voicemail, or a voicenote, or I can just rip their voice from Youtube, I can create a completely compelling deepfake VO in seconds. Tutorials are all out there on the interwebs, for anyone who wants to look it up.
But it isn't political deepfakes we have to watch out for, what the majority of people are doing with this stuff is putting dead relatives into it so they can talk to them. Combine it with a LoRA trained on their writing, social media, etc, you can have a pretty good your-dead-nan-chatbot (or ex-girlfriend, or whatever). Someone on reddit recently made one based on their dead friend, based just on the messages from their whatsapp group chat.
https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/ai-being-used-to-let-people-speak-to-the-dead/
Here's someone training a model on their own saved whatsapp chats:
https://www.reddit.com/r/LocalLLaMA/comments/154to1w/i_trained_the_65b_model_on_my_texts_so_i_can_talk/
Anyone can do the same thing to you.
I've tried it myself, briefly, and found the results quite upsetting. Like listening to a once fond friend, now buried in a tin can. I quickly switched it off. But other people get quite addicted to these digital avatars, and bad news is, we probably all have a big enough digital footprint so someone can remake one of us. Trapped in a tin can forever.
I am reminded of The Dixie Flatline in Neuromancer: "Do me a favor, boy. When this scam of yours is over, erase this goddamn thing."
There has to be some perspective, not just that any meddling is as bad as anyone elses. Not all sins are equal.
"Hamas propaganda video showing the paragliders..."
https://x.com/BravoKiloActual/status/1710857256764637517?s=20
WARNING: gunfire at the end (no gore)
Every gleeful acto of hatred by Hamas makes that 20% rise.
NEW THREAD
See also the SMO.
Probably they aren't upset that no one is focusing too much on their policies and the boat continues on unrocked.
"...The rationale for this was the same as for paper notebooks, film cameras and, for that matter, police paperwork in general: it was harder to hack and harder still to crash. There had been a time when such things had happenef, when whole bodies of evidemce and terabytes of records had been corrupted by some ramdom script-monkey, or wiped altogether by an electromagnetic-pulse truck-bomb, its devastation unnoticed by passers-by until they checked their watch or phone or the song in their ears stopped. Not any more. hard copy. Get it down. that was the drill. Nothing less would stand up in court..." page 46
"...and in laborious parallel with pens and paper notebooks, legally required..." page 40